תרי עשר- הושע יד

This is the הפתרה of שבת שובה- from פסוק ב until the end.

Sheet I) וישב is from the same שרש as תשובה. Where was ראובן? He was in middle of doing תשובה over the fact that he moved his father’s bed. ה' said, I never had someone who was חוטא and did תשובה. He promised ראובן that his grandson will be מזרז ב''י to do תשובה. This grandson is הושע, who said, "שובה ישראל עד ה' אלוקיך".

ב stumbledכשלת-

ישראל-
1. רש''י- ב''י were split in two. שומרון, where the עשרת השבטים lived, was already found guilty. Now, הושע is talking to יהודה- telling them that if they don’t want to happen to them what happened to שומרון, they must do תשובה. משל- a king tells one province to look at another province that was punished so that they won’t turn out like that. "טלו לכם ימים"- take for yourself a few days and repent- this is referring to the עשי''ת.
2. מלבי''ם- he is talking to the המון עם- שומרון, the capital, and the leaders were חוטא, but don’t follow in their ways. We learn out from here that being מחטיא את הרבים is in the worst category- "כל המחטיא את הרבים אין מספיקים בידו לעשות תשובה" .

רש''י עד ה' אלוקיך- do תשובה before מדת הרחמים turns into מדת הדין.

כי כשלת- all these stumbling blocks that you have are because of your עבירות in both the spiritual and physical sense.

Sheet II) If ב''י are doing עבירות, why are they called ישראל (שר), and not יעקב (עקב)? Even when ב''י are on the lowest מדריגה, הושע calls out to them, "שובה ישראל"- know to where you have to be headed.

III) "שובה ישראל עד ה' אלוקיך"- תשובה is so great that it reaches to the כסא הכבוד.

IV) תשובה is so great that it turns זדונות into שגגות. Proof: "שובה... וכשלת בעוניך". כשלת is a mistake and עוניך means on purpose. The גמרא explains that your purposeful עבירות will become accidental.

V) תשובה is so great that it turns זדונות into זכוות. So does it become a שגגה or a זכות? If he did it מיראה, it becomes a שגגה, but if he does it from אהבה then it becomes a זכות. R’ Baurch Ber Leibowitz – How could a זדון become a זכות? Because he realizes how bad his עבירה it, and through that recognition, it becomes a springboard for תשובה and the עבירה becomes a זכות for him.

מלבי''ם עד- this symbolizes distance. We’re far from ה' because of our חטאים. First, a person must do עזיבת החטא and חרטה. Once he does this, he bridges the gap and is no longer so far.

ר' יצחק "כי עונותי עברו ראשני"- it’s a משל to a man who’s going into a river. He has a tremendous burden on his head and he is sinking. He calls out for help. Someone says, I’m not coming in- throw off your burden, stretch out your arm and I’ll save you. נמשל- in life, we have many עבירות and we’re being pulled in by our יצה''ר. We scream out to ה' and He tells us- throw off your עבירות = עזיבת החטא, and then I will come save you- "הבא לטהר...". And once you get out, you must deal with your burden- you need real determination and a plan of action so that you don’t fall back in.

ג compensateונשלמה-

מ''ד קחו עמכם דברים- I’m not asking you for קרבנות. Be מתודה to ה' and that’s how you are going to return to Him.

כל תשא עון- really, it should be כל עון תשא- forgive the whole עבירה and take the good that we did.

ונשלמה פרים שפתינו- take ודוי instead of קרבנות.

מלבי''ם קחו- take things which will speak on our behalf= מצוות and מעש''ט.

Previously, it said "שובה ישראל" and here it says "ושבו אל ה'"- it seems to be redundant. Previously, your תשובה was תשובה מיראה, when you were far away. Now, "ושבו אל ה'"- now we could do תשובה מאהבה because we’re closer to ה'- "השב מאהבה...". We’re asking ה' to forgive the whole עבירה and we get a זכות in its place. Once our זדונות are turned into זכויות, we don’t have to bring a קרבן because all that we have left is a זכות.

ד you aloneאשר בך-

רש''י על סוס לא נרכב- it’s talking about מצרים because this is where the horses come from. We aren’t going to trust them.

מלבי''ם We must be like a יתום- a יתום has no physical reliance. He totally places his trust in ה'. We must come to the level of a יתום that we are totally reliant on ה'.

ה their wickedness משובתם-

ה' promises:
1. ארפא- I will forgive them.
2. אהבם נדבה- I will love them with a tremendous אהבה.

ממנו- it should say מהם, in ל' רבים. It teaches us that there’s an element of סליחה for the whole world if a יחיד does תשובה.

ו It’s a משל to לעתיד לבא, after ב''י do the perfect תשובה. Redemption comes together withתשובה and forgiveness.

blossom יפרח-
spread ויך-

מ''ד אהי' כטל ישראל- ה'’s love is not going to stop just like dew doesn’t stop.

יפרח כשושנה - כלל ישראל are going to grow like beautiful flowers, like roses, and their roots are going to spread out like the roots of the trees in the לבנון- forest in א''י which is beautiful, smells good and is famous for its cedar trees with strong roots.

רד''ק But roses don’t have strong roots! They are going to be beautiful like roses and strong like the roots of the trees in the לבנון.

מלבי''ם אהי' כטל ישראל יפרח כשושנה- there is a beautiful rose called the שושנת יריחו. It’s not implanted into the ground because it doesn’t have roots. The wind carries her to far lands and this rose is nourished through the dew. She blossoms in splendor- this is a משל to ב''י- we are beautiful like this rose and we’re cast from land to land, but ה' sustains us. ב''י are like this rose because we have no physical roots- we don’t place our trust in doctors, the stock market… ע''פ טבע, ב''י should have no existence. We are one hundred percent sustained from שמים.

ויך שרשיו לבנון- even though this rose’s roots were cut off- א''י was where we had a place and we were rooted in very deeply. Right now we have no roots, but "ילכו יונקותיו"- the soft, young branches are going to grow from where the other trees used to be. The new generation of children באחרית הימים which come after a generation smitten will sprout. It seems that everything is gone, but as long as the roots are still there, things will still grow.

ב''י are compared to an olive. Why?
1. The olive makes olive oil, which shines and makes light. כלל ישראל will shine and glow באור ה'.
2. Olive trees remain fresh all year long. So to, לעתיד לבא, we are constantly going to be in our perfect form and are going to constantly be successful.

מלבי''ם וריח לו כלבנון- ב''י even though they are still in גלות still have the smell of לבנון= א'י. What is the smell of א'י? The smell of קדושה and טהרה.

ח מ''ד ישבו ישבי בצלו- those that take refuge in the shade of ה', they’ll be calm and at peace.

רד''ק ישבו ישבי בצלו- they are going to return to א''י and dwell in the shade of ה'.

יחיו- הם יחיו את עצמם

רד''ק יחיו דגן- they are going to sustain themselves with מצוות the same way that people sustain themselves with grain.

like a vineכגפן-

רד''ק When you want to eat grain, you must grow, chop, eat and re-harvest. Maybe we’ll think that it’s going to be like this when משיח comes. "יפריחו כגפן"- we are going to be like a grapevine that is constantly giving.

מצוות are going to be like דגן- it’s a staple, but our הצלחה is going to be constant like the גפן’s הצלחה.

Three examples given of our constant הצלחה:
1. טל
2. זית
3. גפן

רד''ק זכרו כיין לבניו- the wines from עצי הלבנון have a reputation as being awesome wines. So to, לעתיד לבא, ב''י are going to have a good name.

ט אפרים= כלל ישראל
לעצביע- ע''ז
I’m going to fulfill his requestsאני עניתני-
ואשרנו- ואני אשגיח עליו

Get two things:
1. Going to answer him.
2. Supervise him.

ברוש tree that is fresh- כברוש רענן

כברוש- a massive tree, but the branches bend to the ground right near the roots.

ה' is compared to the ברוש because in His גדלות, he bends down to the needs of every little creature.

Examples of ה'’s greatness:
1. "ממני פריך נמצא"- all the פירות of הצלחה come from ה'.
2. "כי רם ה' ושפל יירא"
3. "המגביהי לשבת המשפילי לראות"
4. "ה' אלוקינו"- this לשון denotes individualized and personalized.

מהר'י קרא If a person wants to reach the top of the ברוש, it’s impossible. But when the branches are bent to the bottom, he can climb up to the top. If a person looks at תשובה, there’s really no way to achieve it. But when ה' comes to us, we can get there.

י ויבן אלה- מבין את זה

Three ל' of חכמה:
1. חכם- a חכמה that you have to be taught.
2. בינה- מבין דבר מתוך דבר.
3. ידיעה- concrete knowledge.

מהר''י קרא מי חכם ויבן אלה נבון וידעם- you have two ways in front of you: good and bad. Good people will shteig from it, but רשעים will fall. ה'’s דרכים are the same, but the choice is yours.

R’ Hutner- the last form of אפיקרסוס before משיח is denying בחירה.

מלבי''ם It’s talking specifically about "צדיק ורע לו..."- even though it doesn’t seem so explainable, a צדיק understands to such a degree with a clear ידיעה that everything is fair- "ישרים דרכי ה'...". A רשע stumbles over this- it doesn’t make any sense to him.