רשב''ם ג,ד Let’s say a נביא will give a סימן and say that if it comes true you must serve ע''ז and his sign comes true, know that ה' only allowed this so that He could test you and give you זכותים when you pass. So the פסוק warns us not to follow a נביא שקר so that we can increase our זכותים.
רמב''ן ב והנה צוה- you can’t listen to a נביא שקר because you know that he’s wrong. You were taken out of מצרים and personally experienced great נסים, so you know better than to listen to him.
רמב''ן ד והנה מצות- how do you know if a נבואה is אמת or שקר? If the נביא says to abolish a certain מצוה, you know that it’s not true because ה' would never do that. But if a נביא מוחזק comes and tells you to change a מצוה for a short amount of time, להוראת שעה, you can believe him. Ex. אליהו בהר הכרמל.
רש''י ה מצותיו- תורת משה
ובקולו תשמעון- קול נביא אמת
ואותו תעבדו- עבודת ה' במקדשו
ובו תדבקו- cling to ה' by following his דרכים, "מה הוא רחום...".
רש''י ו הפדך מבית עבדים- even if all ה' did for you was redeem you, it would still obligate you to follow in His ways. קו''ח now that He did so much for us.
אוה''ח יח ה' doesn’t want to make כ''י into an אכזריותדיק people. So when He commands you to kill the city, He gives you a הרגש רחמנות so that you will feel like a רחמן. And ה' will act that way in return to you. He will be מרחם upon you and therefore be מרבה you.
Tuesday, May 31, 2011
בקיאות- פרק יב
רש''י ד לא תעשון-
1. Don’t be like the גויים who bring קרבנות wherever they want. You must bring קרבנות in the בהמ''ק.
2. Don’t do to the מזבחות of ה' what they do to the מזבחות ע''ז. But why would ב''י break the מזבח? It means don’t cause it to be broken by doing bad.
רמ''א You can’t break something in a shul.
ב.ה. כח שמר- learn because "אין בור ירא חטא ולא עם הארץ חסיד".
רש''י שמר- זו משנה.
את כל הדברים- every מצוה, whether it’s easy or hard, it should be important to you.
הטוב והישר- הטוב- do what is good in ה'’s eyes, והישר- do what’s good in other people’s eyes. Don’t be עובר on מראת עין.
ב.ה. The next topic discussed is going out to war against the כנענים. It’s connected because only צדיקים can go out to war.
רש''י לא גם here comes to include mothers and fathers. Not only shouldn’t you bring your children as קרבנות, also your parents. ר' עקיבא once saw a גוי sacrificing his father to ע''ז.
1. Don’t be like the גויים who bring קרבנות wherever they want. You must bring קרבנות in the בהמ''ק.
2. Don’t do to the מזבחות of ה' what they do to the מזבחות ע''ז. But why would ב''י break the מזבח? It means don’t cause it to be broken by doing bad.
רמ''א You can’t break something in a shul.
ב.ה. כח שמר- learn because "אין בור ירא חטא ולא עם הארץ חסיד".
רש''י שמר- זו משנה.
את כל הדברים- every מצוה, whether it’s easy or hard, it should be important to you.
הטוב והישר- הטוב- do what is good in ה'’s eyes, והישר- do what’s good in other people’s eyes. Don’t be עובר on מראת עין.
ב.ה. The next topic discussed is going out to war against the כנענים. It’s connected because only צדיקים can go out to war.
רש''י לא גם here comes to include mothers and fathers. Not only shouldn’t you bring your children as קרבנות, also your parents. ר' עקיבא once saw a גוי sacrificing his father to ע''ז.
בקיאות- פרק טו
א-ב In the year of שמיטה, there was also שמיטת כספים- if someone owed money that he borrowed, once שמיטה comes he doesn’t have to pay it back. But then there was ירידת הדורות and people were no longer so trustworthy, so no one wanted to lend money anymore. So הלל made a פרוזבל- a document that authorized ב''ד to collect the money from the borrower.
רש''י ח אשר יחסר לו- you don’t have to make him rich, but you have to give him what he used to have.
רש''י ח אשר יחסר לו- you don’t have to make him rich, but you have to give him what he used to have.
בקיאות- פרק יד
א When someone dies, don’t self inflict or pull out hair.
א''ע בנים- after you know that you are ה'’s children and He loves you more than a father no matter what happens, don’t self inflict. Whatever a father does, he does for the good. Even if his children don’t understand, they know it’s from their father who loves them.
אוה''ח בנים אתם- when a person dies, it’s not a loss to the person who died. Know that your child is now in a better place. Your child went back to his father.
רמב''ן בנים אתם לה'- why do we cry? When a loved one is separated, טבע makes them cry, even if they are still alive.
ג You can’t eat מאכלים אסורים because it does something bad to your body and ruins your נפש.
ז A kosher animal needs to both chew its cud and have split hooves.
ט Fish need fins and scales.
יא We know which birds are kosher through מסורה.
ד.ז. יב נשר- a נשר is not an eagle, rather a it’s a gryphon vulture.
רש''י יג הראה ואת האי'- it’s all the same. It’s called ראה because it sees a lot. It’s called by all three names to teach us that no matter what it’s called, you still can’t eat it.
רש''י יג לגר אשר בשעריך- it’s talking about a גר תושב- he doesn’t serve ע''ז, so he can still live in ארץ כנען.
תרומה גדולה given to the כהן was a minimum "1" ⁄"60" of produce.
מעשר ראשון is "1" ⁄"10" . It was given to the לוי in years one through six.
מעשר שני is given in years one, two, four and five. It is given to the בעל. He must take it up to ירושלים and eat it there. If he doesn’t want to eat it there, he could sell it, go up to ירושלים and use the money plus "1" ⁄"5" to buy food in ירושלים.
מעשר עני is given in years three and six. It is "1" ⁄"10" .
רשב''ם כג "כי מציון תצא תורה..."- when you go to ירושלים to eat מעשר שני, you gain יראת ה' from everything you see going on in the בהמ''ק.
ר' יונה מעשר שני encouraged people to sent their sons to learn in א''י because they knew that they would have the money or produce of מעשר שני to live off of.
א''ע בנים- after you know that you are ה'’s children and He loves you more than a father no matter what happens, don’t self inflict. Whatever a father does, he does for the good. Even if his children don’t understand, they know it’s from their father who loves them.
אוה''ח בנים אתם- when a person dies, it’s not a loss to the person who died. Know that your child is now in a better place. Your child went back to his father.
רמב''ן בנים אתם לה'- why do we cry? When a loved one is separated, טבע makes them cry, even if they are still alive.
ג You can’t eat מאכלים אסורים because it does something bad to your body and ruins your נפש.
ז A kosher animal needs to both chew its cud and have split hooves.
ט Fish need fins and scales.
יא We know which birds are kosher through מסורה.
ד.ז. יב נשר- a נשר is not an eagle, rather a it’s a gryphon vulture.
רש''י יג הראה ואת האי'- it’s all the same. It’s called ראה because it sees a lot. It’s called by all three names to teach us that no matter what it’s called, you still can’t eat it.
רש''י יג לגר אשר בשעריך- it’s talking about a גר תושב- he doesn’t serve ע''ז, so he can still live in ארץ כנען.
תרומה גדולה given to the כהן was a minimum "1" ⁄"60" of produce.
מעשר ראשון is "1" ⁄"10" . It was given to the לוי in years one through six.
מעשר שני is given in years one, two, four and five. It is given to the בעל. He must take it up to ירושלים and eat it there. If he doesn’t want to eat it there, he could sell it, go up to ירושלים and use the money plus "1" ⁄"5" to buy food in ירושלים.
מעשר עני is given in years three and six. It is "1" ⁄"10" .
רשב''ם כג "כי מציון תצא תורה..."- when you go to ירושלים to eat מעשר שני, you gain יראת ה' from everything you see going on in the בהמ''ק.
ר' יונה מעשר שני encouraged people to sent their sons to learn in א''י because they knew that they would have the money or produce of מעשר שני to live off of.
בקיאות- פרק טז
רש''י א You must bring the קרבן עומר in the spring. If it’s not spring, you must add on אדר ב.
ח In ספירה, there is a מצוה to count the days and the weeks.
יא ושמחת- what does it mean to be happy? To make others happy. The opposite of this is הוללות.
רש''י לוי... אלמנה- I have four כנגד your four. If you make my four happy, I’ll make yours happy.
רש''י יב וזכרתי כי עבד היית- you were free so that you should go and do these מצוות.
ספורנו וזכרתי כי עבד היית- remember where you are coming from. In מצרים you had nothing so you should give to those with nothing.
רש''י יג באספך- סוכות comes out at the time of fall at the point when you are bringing the fruit of the summer into your house. We also learn out from here that you must cover your סוכה with something that grows from the ground.
רש''י טו והיית אך שמח- it’s not a צווי, but a ל' הבטחה. אך שמח is telling us that שמיני עצרת by night, you have an ענין to be happy.
וולנא גאון The only thing you have for שמיני עצרת is to be happy.
רש''י יח שופטים ושוטרים- שופטים decide and tell us what the דין is and שוטרים enforce it.
רש''י יט ולא תקח שוחד- even to judge correctly.
חזון איש He can’t take even if both sides give, because it’s being עובר on an אסור.
רש''י כי השוחד יעבר- because it’s important that it won’t tip the judgment in his favor.
רש''י כב ולא תקים לך מצבה¬- a מזבח of one stone, even if you are bringing קרבנות to ה'.
אשר שנא- used to be allowed to, but when people started bringing קרבנות on it, ה' hated it because the כנענים use it bring קרבנות to ע''ז.
כ ספורנו צדק צדק תרדף- You must appoint the judge who will be best for the position, don’t look at his outside appearance and his height.
כא ספורנו לא תטע לך אשרה- three things that seem beautiful, but don’t do it because it’s נמאס with רוחניות.
1. אשרה- supposed to make things beautiful, but it’s used for ע''ז. So too, the שופט could look beautiful but if inside he isn’t good, you shouldn’t pick him.
2. מצבה- at one point it was good, but at one point it wasn’t. The שופט always has to have been good.
3. קרבן- it could be beautiful and expensive, but if it has a tiny מום even that the naked eye can’t see, you can’t use it. But an animal that’s worthless but doesn’t have a מום, it can be used. You can’t choose a שופט based on if he’s rich or not.
ח In ספירה, there is a מצוה to count the days and the weeks.
יא ושמחת- what does it mean to be happy? To make others happy. The opposite of this is הוללות.
רש''י לוי... אלמנה- I have four כנגד your four. If you make my four happy, I’ll make yours happy.
רש''י יב וזכרתי כי עבד היית- you were free so that you should go and do these מצוות.
ספורנו וזכרתי כי עבד היית- remember where you are coming from. In מצרים you had nothing so you should give to those with nothing.
רש''י יג באספך- סוכות comes out at the time of fall at the point when you are bringing the fruit of the summer into your house. We also learn out from here that you must cover your סוכה with something that grows from the ground.
רש''י טו והיית אך שמח- it’s not a צווי, but a ל' הבטחה. אך שמח is telling us that שמיני עצרת by night, you have an ענין to be happy.
וולנא גאון The only thing you have for שמיני עצרת is to be happy.
רש''י יח שופטים ושוטרים- שופטים decide and tell us what the דין is and שוטרים enforce it.
רש''י יט ולא תקח שוחד- even to judge correctly.
חזון איש He can’t take even if both sides give, because it’s being עובר on an אסור.
רש''י כי השוחד יעבר- because it’s important that it won’t tip the judgment in his favor.
רש''י כב ולא תקים לך מצבה¬- a מזבח of one stone, even if you are bringing קרבנות to ה'.
אשר שנא- used to be allowed to, but when people started bringing קרבנות on it, ה' hated it because the כנענים use it bring קרבנות to ע''ז.
כ ספורנו צדק צדק תרדף- You must appoint the judge who will be best for the position, don’t look at his outside appearance and his height.
כא ספורנו לא תטע לך אשרה- three things that seem beautiful, but don’t do it because it’s נמאס with רוחניות.
1. אשרה- supposed to make things beautiful, but it’s used for ע''ז. So too, the שופט could look beautiful but if inside he isn’t good, you shouldn’t pick him.
2. מצבה- at one point it was good, but at one point it wasn’t. The שופט always has to have been good.
3. קרבן- it could be beautiful and expensive, but if it has a tiny מום even that the naked eye can’t see, you can’t use it. But an animal that’s worthless but doesn’t have a מום, it can be used. You can’t choose a שופט based on if he’s rich or not.
בקיאות- פרק יז
ב. ה. ו יומת המת- רשעים who are alive are called מתים.
אוה''ח יומת המת¬- if there were no עדים and התרעה, ה' will take care of him. If there were עדים, we take care of him down here.
ח יפלא= מכוסה
רש''י דברי רבות- some of the חכמים say one thing and some say another thing.
וקמת ועלית- the בהמ''ק was higher than all other places. The סנהדרין sat in לשקת הגזיז and this was the highest place in ירושלים.
רש''י ט ואל השופט...- you may say that the שופטים from before were greater, but you must listen to the שופטים you have now- "יפתח בדורו כשמואל בדורו".
רמב''ם Later on, it says that if the נביא adds on מצוות, you can’t listen to him. But what about the מצוות דרבנן? You must do all the new מצוות and watch them like it says, "לא תסיר מן הדבר", they aren’t an addendum to the מצוות of the תורה. So why does it say "לא תוספו ולא תגרעו" and that a נביא can’t come be מחדש and say that ה' commanded him on this? It isn’t permissible to add or take away from the 613 מצוות. But if there is a ב''ד and נביא together, and because of something that happened they want to add a תקנה, they can do this. ב''ד established the מצוה to read the מגילה in its proper time in order to mention the שבח and תשועות of ה'. The גמרא tells us that the reason we say "אשר קדישנו..." by מגילה is because we were commanded to listen to ב''ד.
יב זקן ממרא- a ת''ח who פסקיןs different than what ב''ד says for other people.
רמב''ן יא The מצוה that you must listen to ב''ד is very great. The תורה was given בכתב and different things come up and not everyone is going to think the same thing, many people are going to have different ideas. Therefore, the תורה carved out for us the דין- we must listen to the סנהדרין.
רש''י יג וכל העם ישמעו- you want everyone to see what happens to a זקן ממרא, therefore you wait until the שלש רגלים to kill him.
טו The king must be a Jew.
רש''י יח את משנה התורה- the king had two ספרי תורה- one in his treasure house and one which he took with him wherever he went.
רמב''ן כ לבלתי רום לבבו מאחיו- you aren’t allowed to be a בעל גאוה. The פסוק doesn’t want the king to be a בעל גאוה, קו''ח the people. At least the king has a reason to stand up tall. But גאוה is a despicable מידה, even for a king. Only ה' has גאוה. A person can’t have גאוה besides for "אם זאת יתהלל... השכל וידוע אותי".
אוה''ח לבלתי רום לבבו- through reading the תורה:
1. He won’t be a בעל גאוה.
2. יראת הקב''ה
אוה''ח יומת המת¬- if there were no עדים and התרעה, ה' will take care of him. If there were עדים, we take care of him down here.
ח יפלא= מכוסה
רש''י דברי רבות- some of the חכמים say one thing and some say another thing.
וקמת ועלית- the בהמ''ק was higher than all other places. The סנהדרין sat in לשקת הגזיז and this was the highest place in ירושלים.
רש''י ט ואל השופט...- you may say that the שופטים from before were greater, but you must listen to the שופטים you have now- "יפתח בדורו כשמואל בדורו".
רמב''ם Later on, it says that if the נביא adds on מצוות, you can’t listen to him. But what about the מצוות דרבנן? You must do all the new מצוות and watch them like it says, "לא תסיר מן הדבר", they aren’t an addendum to the מצוות of the תורה. So why does it say "לא תוספו ולא תגרעו" and that a נביא can’t come be מחדש and say that ה' commanded him on this? It isn’t permissible to add or take away from the 613 מצוות. But if there is a ב''ד and נביא together, and because of something that happened they want to add a תקנה, they can do this. ב''ד established the מצוה to read the מגילה in its proper time in order to mention the שבח and תשועות of ה'. The גמרא tells us that the reason we say "אשר קדישנו..." by מגילה is because we were commanded to listen to ב''ד.
יב זקן ממרא- a ת''ח who פסקיןs different than what ב''ד says for other people.
רמב''ן יא The מצוה that you must listen to ב''ד is very great. The תורה was given בכתב and different things come up and not everyone is going to think the same thing, many people are going to have different ideas. Therefore, the תורה carved out for us the דין- we must listen to the סנהדרין.
רש''י יג וכל העם ישמעו- you want everyone to see what happens to a זקן ממרא, therefore you wait until the שלש רגלים to kill him.
טו The king must be a Jew.
רש''י יח את משנה התורה- the king had two ספרי תורה- one in his treasure house and one which he took with him wherever he went.
רמב''ן כ לבלתי רום לבבו מאחיו- you aren’t allowed to be a בעל גאוה. The פסוק doesn’t want the king to be a בעל גאוה, קו''ח the people. At least the king has a reason to stand up tall. But גאוה is a despicable מידה, even for a king. Only ה' has גאוה. A person can’t have גאוה besides for "אם זאת יתהלל... השכל וידוע אותי".
אוה''ח לבלתי רום לבבו- through reading the תורה:
1. He won’t be a בעל גאוה.
2. יראת הקב''ה
בקיאות- פרק כה
רש''י א והרשיע את הרשע- I might think that whoever is guilty gets מלקות. But this doesn’t always happen, sometimes it does and sometimes it doesn’t. What kind of a person gets מלקות? Someone who is עובר on a לא תעשה where there is no עשה to correct it.
ג The most a person will get is thirty- nine.
רש''י ונקלה אחיך- the whole time he is a רשע. But when he gets punished, he is your brother.
ספורנו יא The wife embarrasses her husband’s brother if he doesn’t want to do יבום with her because he doesn’t care about his brother. However, she has no רשות to be מבזה a man who is fighting with her husband.
ג The most a person will get is thirty- nine.
רש''י ונקלה אחיך- the whole time he is a רשע. But when he gets punished, he is your brother.
ספורנו יא The wife embarrasses her husband’s brother if he doesn’t want to do יבום with her because he doesn’t care about his brother. However, she has no רשות to be מבזה a man who is fighting with her husband.
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